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  • AWA Essay # 8

    Q. The following appeared in an announcement issued by the publisher of The Mercury, a weekly newspaper:
    “Since a competing lower-priced newspaper, The Bugle, was started five years ago. The Mercury’s circulation has declined by 10,000 readers. The best way to get more people to read The Mercury is to reduce its price below that of The Bugle, at least until circulation increases to former levels. The increased circulation of The Mercury will attract more businesses to buy advertising space in the paper.”

    Discuss how well reasoned the above argument is. You will have to consider the assumptions that underlie the writer’s thinking. Describe alternative explanations or counterexamples that might weaken his or her conclusion. You must come up with evidence that would strengthen or refute the argument or identify what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

    ANSWER:
    The argument states that The Mercury’s circulation has decreased by 10,000 readers since the arrival of The Bugle which started five years ago. The Mercury plans to reduce its price lower than that of The Bugle until its circulation increases to former levels. The increased circulation of The Mercury will cause more businesses to buy advertising space in the paper.
    Firstly, I agree to some extent with this argument. The Mercury should identify the primary reasons which caused the number of readers to decline. This could be due to bad content, lack of creativity, poor printing or low advertising. Moreover, by only focusing on price reduction will not increase the circulation of The Mercury immediately. The newspaper company should improve and update their content in order to meet the needs of its readers. They should try to cover all kinds of topics such as entertainment, music, health, world politics, sports, finance, business, economics, science, comics etc. This would make them unique and distinct amongst the rest of the competitors in the market. The number of readers, revenues and profits will increase immensely. The Mercury should promote themselves on popular social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest as well as on television and radio. More people will be familiar and aware about the brand which would increase the number of buyers. They should also try to sell their newspapers at famous shops in the city so that the numbers of consumers increase. The company could launch themselves as free apps on Apple App Store and Samsung Android Play Store which would greatly benefit them in the near future. Furthermore, the company should analyse the factors that have enabled The Bugle to develop a respectable position in the market. This could include better advertising, well-developed content, lower-pricing and availability of newspapers at main shops. If these factors are analysed effectively, The Mercury would also have a competent position in the market.
    In conclusion, The Mercury should focus on improving their advertising strategies, developing strong contents, lowering prices as well as listening to customer’s views and opinions regarding the newspaper. These methods will benefit the company in the future. The number of readers and sales will rise. They should analyse the factors that have caused The Bugle to be a powerful competitor during the past five years.

  • AWA Essay # 7

    Q. The following appeared as part of a campaign to sell advertising time on a local radio station to local businesses:
    “The Cumquat Café began advertising on our local radio station this year and was delighted to see its business increase by 10 percent over last year’s totals. Their success shows you how you can use radio advertising to make your business more profitable.”

    Discuss how well reasoned the above argument is. You will have to consider the assumptions that underlie the writer’s thinking. Describe alternative explanations or counterexamples that might weaken his or her conclusion. You must come up with evidence that would strengthen or refute the argument or identify what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

    ANSWER:
    The argument states that Cumquat Café began advertising on a local radio station this year which has caused its business to increase by 10 percent over last year’s totals. This shows that radio advertising can be used to make businesses more successful.
    Firstly, I agree to some extent with this argument. Radio advertising has caused a significant rise to Cumquat Café’s business however this advertising strategy will not be effective in the long-run. Since there are far better methods of advertising than radio advertising. Moreover, Cumquat Café should not rely only on this type of advertising. They can promote their products on famous social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest through which more people will be aware and familiar about the company. Other forms of media used for advertising of products could be television, newspapers, banners and brochures. This would likely increase the sales and profits of the café. Cumquat Café should make adequate, attractive, attention-grasping, and simple ads which are easier for viewers to understand.
    Secondly, Cumquat café should listen to the opinions of their customers in order to provide better and high quality products. By doing so, they would improve their services accordingly. They can also hire popular celebrities in their advertisements which would increase the revenues of the company. The company can conduct a temporary sales promotion campaign which offers free samples, price reductions and discount coupons for the brand therefore people will be interested and keen to buy their products. They should concentrate on producing distinct and unique products so that they have a powerful position in the market. By carrying out the mentioned strategies, Cumquat Café’s business will increase immensely.
    In conclusion, Cumquat Café should advertise their products through various sources of media not just radio advertising alone. They should produce competitive ads which are different and new for the viewers. The company can build a good position in the market by creating exclusive products that would make them diverse from the rest of the competitors. In addition, they should try to understand the requirements of their customers related to the products. This would ensure that the customers are satisfied and content with their services. By following and applying these methods, they are very much likely to increase their businesses in the near future.

  • AWA Essay # 6

    Q. The following appeared in a memorandum from the head of a human resources department at a major automobile manufacturing company to the company’s managers:
    “Studies have found that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employers of for-profit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored or evaluated. Interviews with employees of not-for profit organizations suggest that the reason for their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to improve society. Because they believe in the importance of their work, they may have personal reasons to perform well, even when no financial reward is present. Thus, if our corporation began donating a significant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes, our employees’ motivation and productivity would increase substantially and our overall profits would increase as well.”

    Discuss how well reasoned the above argument is. You will have to consider the assumptions that underlie the writer’s thinking. Describe alternative explanations or counterexamples that might weaken his or her conclusion. You must come up with evidence that would strengthen or refute the argument or identify what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

    ANSWER:
    The argument states that employees of not-for-profit organizations and charities are often more highly motivated than employees of for-profit corporations to perform well at work when their performance is not being monitored. Interviews with employees of not-for-profit organizations state that the reason for their greater motivation is the belief that their work helps to improve society. Since they believe in the importance of their work, they have personal reasons to perform well, even when no financial reward is present. Consequently, if for-profit corporations began donating a significant portion of its profits to humanitarian causes, then the motivation and productivity of the employees would increase significantly and their overall profits would increase as well.
    Firstly, I agree with this argument in general. A not-for-profit organization is a type of organization that does not earn profits for its owners. All of the money earned by or donated to a not-for-profit organization is used in pursuing the organization’s objectives. Typically, not-for profit organizations are charities or other types of public service organizations. A not-for- profit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. Examples of not-for-profit organizations include Feeding America, World Food Program USA, Livestrong, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and American Heart Association. Employees of not-for-profit organizations are more inspired and activated than employees of for-profit corporations as they believe that their work helps to improve society. This belief keeps them motivated to perform even better when no financial reward is present. Thus, the employees are more productive, enthusiastic and determined towards achieving the organization’s goals.
    Secondly, a for-profit organization is another type of organization which exists primarily to generate profit that is to take in more money than it spends. Unlike, not-for-profit organizations the policies of these organizations are more profit-orientated. Managers have a profit oriented mind set and aim at maximizing the revenue of the firm which in turn contributes to the profits of the shareholders or owners. Due to this difference, employees of for-profit organizations are not as adamant and actuated as the employees of not-for-profit organizations. Therefore, if these corporations donate a notable portion of its profits to humanitarian causes then the employees will be more effective and efficient in obtaining the organization’s objectives as well as their profits would increase tremendously. If these strategies are implemented accordingly, then it would benefit them in the near future. Examples of for-profit organizations include Sony, Apple, Google, Dell and Facebook.
    In conclusion, the main difference between these two organizations is that one is profit-orientated whereas the other is not. Each of them is unique and operates differently. Both corporations have different mind sets and various factors cause both of them to be successful. However, for-profit organizations should implement the mentioned strategies as it would help their employees to function more systematically and efficaciously in the coming future.

  • AWA Essay # 5

    Q. The following appeared as part of a promotional campaign to sell advertising space in the Daily Gazette to grocery stores in the Marston area:
    “Advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will help you increase your sales. Consider the results of a study conducted last month. Thirty sale items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in The Gazette for four days. Each time one or more of the 30 items was purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two-thirds of the 200 shoppers asked answered in the affirmative. Furthermore, more than half the customers who answered in the affirmative spent over $100 at the store.

    Discuss how well reasoned the above argument is. You will have to consider the assumptions that underlie the writer’s thinking. Describe alternative explanations or counterexamples that might weaken his or her conclusion. You must come up with evidence that would strengthen or refute the argument or identify what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

    ANSWER:
    The argument states that advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette has increased the sales of grocery stores in the Marston area. The results of a study conducted last month indicate that thirty sale items from a store in downtown Marston were advertised in The Gazette for four days, each time one or more of the 30 items were purchased, clerks asked whether the shopper had read the ad. Two-thirds of the 200 shoppers asked agreed with the statement. Moreover, more than half the customers who answered had spent over hundred dollars at the store.
    Firstly, I agree with this argument in general. The strategy adopted by grocery stores for selling grocery items will be greatly beneficial to the stores in the near future. More people will be aware and familiar about the ads hence the sales of the grocery items will increase significantly. The results of the study conducted prove that the ads published in the newspaper have influenced the sales of grocery items. Unsold and out-dated items can be sold out through this strategy. Furthermore, grocery stores can promote their advertisements on various sources of media such as television, radio, social networking websites and brochures. This will also raise the revenues and profits of the grocery store.
    Secondly, the store could conduct sales promotional campaigns that offer free samples, price reductions and discount coupons. This would increase the profits of the grocery store immensely as well as the number of buyers will increase dramatically. Greater number of people will be interested and keen to purchasing products from the grocery store. Thus, the grocery store will have a strong position when compared to other grocery stores in the Marston area. The grocery store should listen to the views and opinions of the customers which would enable them to improve their services. In addition, they should fulfill the needs and wants of the customers in order to assure that the customers are satisfied with the brand. The grocery store should keep their customers updated about any recent additions or changes being made to the store.
    In conclusion, advertising the reduced price of selected grocery items in the Daily Gazette will be advantageous to the grocery stores in the Marston area as their sales will rise significantly. Other types of advertising strategies can be used such as television, radio, social networking sites and brochures causing an increase in the profits and revenues of the store. As a result, more people will be familiar and aware about the store. The grocery store should play a great emphasis on fulfilling the needs and wants of its customers this could be done by listening to their views and opinions regarding the store. By doing so, their services would improve dramatically.

  • AWA Essay # 4

    Q. The following appeared in an article in a health and fitness magazine:
    “Laboratory studies show that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several of the minerals necessary for good health and that it is completely free of bacteria. Residents of Saluda, the small town where the water is bottled, are hospitalized less frequently than the national average. Even though Saluda Natural Spring Water may seem expensive, drinking it instead of tap water is a wise investment in good health.”

    Discuss how well reasoned the above argument is. You will have to consider the assumptions that underlie the writer’s thinking. Describe alternative explanations or counterexamples that might weaken his or her conclusion. You must come up with evidence that would strengthen or refute the argument or identify what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

    ANSWER:
    The argument states that Saluda Natural Spring Water contains several minerals which are vital for good health and is completely free of bacteria. Residents of Saluda have been hospitalized less frequently than the national average. It is expensive as compared to tap water but is a wise investment in good health.
    Firstly, I agree with this argument in general. Saluda Natural Spring Water has been preferred by many people as it contains minerals which are beneficial for optimal health and is free of bacteria. Moreover, residents of Saluda have been hospitalized less frequently than the national average. This clearly indicates that people who consume Saluda Natural Spring Water on a regular basis are healthier than those who do not consume it. On the other hand, tap water is not a better option for drinking as it is contaminated with harmful chemicals that would lead to adverse health effects.
    Secondly, Saluda can promote themselves on various sources of media such as television, radio, newspapers, banners and social networking websites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Pinterest. They should outline the differences between consuming regular tap water and Saluda Natural Spring Water so that people are aware and familiar about the type of water they should consume. Moreover, Saluda Natural Spring Water should state the impact of consuming tap water over a certain period of time so that few people use it for regular use. The company can hire famous celebrities for promoting their product which would cause their profits and revenues to rise drastically.
    Thirdly, the company can be more successful in the future if they listen to the views and opinions of the consumers regarding the product. This would help them greatly in improving their services. Furthermore, Saluda Natural Spring Water should also consider in representing a strong brand image when compared to other companies in the market. This would enable them to have a strong position in the market.
    In conclusion, Saluda Natural Spring Water is a better option than regular tap water since it is abundant in minerals which are optimal for good health as well as does not contain chemicals harmful to health. In addition, fewer people living in Saluda have been hospitalized as compared to the national average. This shows that people who consumed the water have been diagnosed with fewer diseases as compared to those who have not consumed the water. The company should advertise themselves as a result more people will be familiar and keen to purchase the product.

  • AWA Essay # 3

    Q. The following appeared as part of a newspaper editorial:
    “Two years ago Nova High School began to use interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects. The school dropout rate declined immediately and last year’s graduates have reported some impressive achievements in college. In future budgets the school board should a greater portion of the available funds to buy more computers, and all schools in the district should adopt interactive computer instruction throughout the curriculum.”

    Discuss how well reasoned the above argument is. You will have to consider the assumptions that underlie the writer’s thinking. Describe alternative explanations or counterexamples that might weaken his or her conclusion. You must come up with evidence that would strengthen or refute the argument or identify what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

    ANSWER:
    The argument states that two years ago Nova High School started using interactive computer instruction in three academic subjects as a result the school’s dropout rate declined quickly. Last year’s graduates reported some impressive achievements in college. Therefore, in the future the school should invest a greater portion of the available funds in buying more computers. All the schools in the district should use the interactive computer instruction throughout the curriculum.
    Firstly, I agree with this argument in general. Interactive computer instruction has caused Nova High School’s dropout rate to decrease suddenly as well as last year’s graduates have shown impressive achievements in college. This clearly indicates that computers are an integral part of the learning process. Moreover, things can be done with great ease by the help of computers. Time can be managed more effectively and efficiently. Students can manage their work more properly by using the computer instruction. The environment in the classroom would be more enjoyable and creative as a result students would be able to grasp more knowledge and understand the concepts more clearly. In todays’ era, almost every work we do rely on using computers therefore, it is essential that students must be capable enough and know how to use computers which would benefit them in the future.
    Secondly, teachers find it easier to assign to work to their students by using the system. With the help of the computer instruction, teachers are aware of those students who have not submitted or completed their work. Grading of assignments, tests and exams can be regulated effortlessly. Consequently, investing in the interactive computer instruction would benefit the school immensely in the near future.
    In conclusion, interactive computer instruction can be very helpful for Nova High School as students and teachers find it easier to manage their work. If the school spends a portion of its budgets in buying more computers, the school’s success rate will rise drastically and more candidates will be willing to join the school. Learning and teaching would be done with great ease and more students would prefer participating in the class.

  • AWA Essay # 2

    Q. The following appeared in the editorial section of a local newspaper:
    “In the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. Under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased and the population increased. Clearly, the residents of San Perdito would be best served if they voted Montoya out of office and re-elected Varro.”

    Discuss how well reasoned the above argument is. You will have to consider the assumptions that underlie the writer’s thinking. Describe alternative explanations or counterexamples that might weaken his or her conclusion. You must come up with evidence that would strengthen or refute the argument or identify what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

    ANSWER:
    The argument states that in the first four years that Montoya has served as mayor of the city of San Perdito, the population has decreased and the unemployment rate has increased. Two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. On other hand, under Varro, who served as mayor for four years before Montoya, the unemployment rate decreased as well as the population increased. Therefore, the city’s economy would be stable if they voted Montoya out and re-elected Varro.
    Firstly, I agree with this argument in general. The first four years of the city of San Perdito have caused great difficulty for the residents of San Perdito. The unemployment rate has increased and the population has decreased. Thus, more people are jobless and cannot afford to pay taxes and daily family expenses. This is will eventually create depression among the individuals. The effects of population decline include, fewer schools and new homes will be built, fewer sports and care facilities will be available, and fewer people would go to theatre, cinema or concerts so these facilities will be cut back and there will be a lesser turnover for shopkeepers and businesses. Local residents would have to travel further to reach the facilities they want and fewer people would travel by public transport which is costlier to run.
    Secondly, two businesses have closed for each new business that has opened. This shows that businesses are facing severe losses and are towards bankruptcy. They cannot operate effectively and efficiently as well as are unable to meet the needs of the consumers which have caused them to be unsuccessful. Furthermore, new businesses are unable to function properly as they cannot fulfill the requirements of the customers. All of these factors have created adverse and detrimental effects on the city’s economy, politics and well-being. If they are not implemented or evaluated then the city is likely to be in great crisis. Thus, re-electing Varro will be the best option for the citizens of San Perdito as things will be better settled and operated if he is voted as mayor of San Perdito.
    In conclusion, it would be better to elect Varro as mayor of San Perdito since when he served the residents of San Perdito the unemployment rate decreased as well as the population increased. If he is re-elected as mayor, the city would be more advanced technologically, greater jobs would be available, more facilities would be provided and the city would be more stable and balanced. In addition, there will be fewer problems for the residents of San Perdito. The city’s economy, employment rate, international trade, foreign exchange and well-being would be easily maintained.

  • Production: Types of Production and Their Advantages and Disadvantages.

    There are three main types of production; job production, batch production and flow production. Job production is where a single product is made at a time, e.g cakes that are made according to the order given. It is most suitable for personal services. It also always satisfies the costumer as all requirements are met. Employees under such a production have variable task, resulting in more motivation for workers. It can charge higher prices because products/services are flexible and of high quality. However, for such a production skilled labor is required, which can be expensive as this type of promotion has high production cost. As product is made specially according to the order it can be time consuming and errors can be very expensive to correct.
    Batch production when a a certain number of a product is made in batches and then a certain number of another product is made in batches , e.g: a company produces a certain number of chairs and then produces a certain number of tables. It is a flexible way and production can easily be changed from one product to another. It provides variety to workers’ jobs and a variety of products. It is relatively expensive and also has a transportation cost. It can be time consuming due to machinery reset between productions. This type of production requires a warehouse for storage and is very expensive.
    Flow production is where large quantities of a product are produced in a continuous process. Such a production has a high output. It has a lesser production cost, therefore has lower price. In flow production capital intensive methods are used, which reduces labor costs and increases efficiency. It may also benefit from economies of scale in purchasing. Such production is relatively less time consuming, and the production is quicker. However, it is a very boring system with a lack of job satisfaction and motivation. It also has a high storage cost. The start up cost is very high and break down of a single machine may result in the break down of the whole production.

  • Promotion and Types of Promotion.

    Promotion is the publicizing of a product, organization, or venture so as to increase sales or public awareness. Companies/firms promote their business and product in order to introduce a new product onto the market or increase sales of an existing product, improve the business’s image and to compete with other companies/firms. There are two types of promotions; informative and persuasive. Informative promotion is the type which attempts to give information about the product or service in an impressive sounding way. Usually when a product or service is launched, it is promoted through informative promotions. Persuasive promotion attempts to target the audience by establishing a needs of the product/service.
    Promotion is done by sales promotion, advertising media or public relations. Sales promotion is when a company/firm launches different schemes over the product/firm. A few common sales promotion methods are discounts, gifts, vouchers, after sale services and credit. Advertising media is the most commonly used method of promotion. Businesses use different types of advertising media depending on their promotion budget. For example, a company with a high budget would use all print, broadcast and visual media. A company with relatively lesser budget would rather use broadcast media, but one with a low budget might only afford print media. Public relations is a department often in large companies that makes sure that any new stories about the company and its products is in good light. For example, companies sometimes carry out news events about their own company, which can either be positive or negative which may result in only promotion of the company and its products. In public relations, a company uses product placements. It is when company pays television and film companies to use their product in their films and TV shows.

  • Product Life Cycle

    Alike anything a product also has a life cycle. A product life cycle has five stages, introduction, growth, maturity, saturation and decline. Introduction is the most difficult and expensive stage. It is when the product has to launch itself and has a small market; having lesser sales and lesser profit. However, growth stage is when the business gains more profit and expands itself. Saturation is when a product has made a mature position in the market and gain consistent profit. However, there is a decline stage, where a product starts to shrink. It could be through other competition or because the product might be outdated.

  • Marketing Mix: 4Ps of Marketing.

    A marketing mix is the combination of product, price, place and promotion in order to make a perfect product. In order to start a business, the producer needs to create a product, which fits the needs the needs and wants of the people. While creating a product many product decisions are to be made, and these decisions put an affect on the marketing mix. Before putting a product in the market, pricing is very important. Major consideration in pricing is the costing of the product, the advertising, marketing expenses, any price fluctuations in the market and distribution costs etc. Changes in pricing put a major effect on the marketing mix. Place where the product is to be sold or the distribution channel where the product is sold. Distribution has a huge effect on the profitability of a company, hence a major effect on the marketing mix. Promotions in the marketing mix includes the complete integrated marketing communications. Promotions are dependent a lot on the product and pricing decision. All these 4Ps of the marketing mix, create a product. Taking note of all these factors, creates a perfect product.

  • Mass Marketing and Niche Marketing.

    Mass marketing is a way of business marketing in which a business targets the entire market with one basic market strategy. Mass marketing is difficult to start up but it is an easily profitable marketing scheme. It also saves time, as the business doesn’t have to change it’s schemes with time. As it targets mass media, promotion of the product/ service can be easier. However, it is expensive. And it may be outdated which the changes in the marketing environment.
    Niche marketing or micro-marketing is a type of business marketing in which a business targets a small group of concentrated consumers. As compared to mass marketing, niche marketing has lesser competition. As niche marketing targets a concentrated it is successful to provide what the consumers want, and can easily brand loyalty. However, it is hard to gain profit and expand with such a marketing strategy.

  • Market Research: Primary Research and Secondary Research.

    Market research is the systematic gathering and interpretation of information about individuals or organisations using statistical and analytical methods and techniques of the applied social sciences to gain insight or support decision making. There are two types of market research; primary and secondary market research. Primary research is the research carried out to answer specific questions, and is conducted by the researcher himself/herself. Such a research can be conducted via questionnaires, surveys and interviews. Secondary research is the type of research which is made on the basis of information by previously made researches, e.g:reports by the government, newspapers, journals, magazines, and radio and TV stations.

  • Communication: Effective communication and barriers.

    Communication can be defined as the process by which a message is exchanged from a sender to a receiver. It can be either internal or external. Internal communication is the one one done within the business, and external is the one done outside the business. Internal communication is very important as it ensures that all employees follow the same goal, and it is also used to motivate employees to increase productivity. Examples of internal communication are; Formal meetings and briefings, e-mail, conference calls & webinars, message boards and training packs (e.g. induction materials). External communication is made in order to keep contact with the stakeholders. It can be made through press releases, social media feeds, marketing materials (e.g. adverts, brochures, direct mailings), published financial information (e.g. accounts), letters, emails and telephone conversations with customers and suppliers and reports to government and other agencies.
    Effective communication is one of the most important factors, for a successful business. However, there are some barriers that hinder effective communication. Communication through a wrong channel. There are several channels for communication, but not all cannot be used, in all situations. Business which fail to communicate according to the situations, face failure. For effective communication, ensuring that the message is understood is very important. Communication is not only delivering a message/ information, but also ensuring that it is understood by the receiver. In a process of communication, the receiver holds immense importance as it is the target audience. If a business doesn’t receive a feedback from the receiver, it may also be a barrier to effective communication. While communicating the audience needs are also supposed to be met in order to keep it effective. Businesses often communicate messages to employees without understanding the employees’ level of awareness, understanding or concern about a particular issue. This may result in ignorance of the topic of concern. In order to keep communication effective, it should take care of the needs, feedback and understanding of the audience.

  • Try Your Favorite Activity

    We all have favorite activities that we enjoy,we should keep trying our favorite activity.It refreshes our mind and releases work stress.It helps you to maintain your mental health.we all do different kinds of activities in our spare time.Some of us do sports,other listen to music.sports and other activities keep you fit mentally and physically.After doing your favorite activity you can do your job with high levels of energy.The persons who do their favorite activities are less susceptible to depression,anxiety and other psychiatric problems.They are more active in their routine life.

  • Girls Schools Gaining Popularity

    All girls schools have been gaining popularity in recent years because of the believe that girls learn better when they are not competing with or intimidated by boys,who statistically get more attention in the classroom.I believe when opposite sexes study together they are not able to fully focus their studies.Moreover both feel comfortable in separate school systems.Girls feel more safe among their gender rather than opposite.Girls are more shy therefore they can not ask all kind of questions to their teachers in the presence of boys so they can not learn much.

  • Volunteer Time for NGOs

    Humanity means to give hands to others while they are in need,to feel their pain and help them out.A true human is one who is a source of happiness for others.When you help someone you feel happiness and satisfaction.So everyone should volunteer their time to non-profitable organizations,church or other charitable venues.Whenever you would be in trouble others will also help you.Every religion demands their followers to help others.You can help others with your time and resources.

  • Giving Monthly Allowance to children

    I strengthen the argue that parents should give weekly or monthly allowance to their children so that they can fulfill their needs.By receiving allowance they would learn how to spend their money and how to manage their needs within their budget.There are some children who are too shy to ask their parents for money so the parents should acknowledge their needs and give them money.Meanwhile parents should keep an eye on their children whether they are spending this money for good purpose or not.While spending this money they learn how to deal with other people.

  • Human cloning

    Human cloning is a repugnant idea.This is against the nature.Every one in this world is special and if there would be a copy of him he will no more be special.I strongly believe that humans should not create humans.That is a job of God.So we should not mess with nature.Moreover there are many religious and ethical issues creating a clone.If we use this method to create humans,what is the whole point of sex then?We are able to do sex because we have to reproduce.If cloning is commercialized then this world would be a dangerous place to live in.Militants can use cloning and would be able to create many copies for terrorist activities.So the research on cloning should be stopped immediately.

  • Up Bringing of Orphans

    Up bringing of orphans is a very noble cause.Many of them deprive of shelter,food,education and other basic necessities.When they saw other children of their age enjoying every facility and love and care from their parents they feel themselves very pity and unlucky.As a result of this deprivation they lack confidence and suffer from many psychiatric problems.They are the major target of child labour.So the people who are blessed with wealth they should spend some of their money on the up bringing of these innocent children.They also deserve shelter,good food and education.Government should build shelter homes and schools for these children.So that they could make themselves a good citizen.If government will not allocate funds for the well being of these children,there are strong chances of them being used in criminal activities.

  • Importance of Field Trips for Students

    Field trips are also a part of academic activities,some people think that it is just a trip for the enjoyment and fun of students but actually students get many information from these kinds of expeditions.These tips improve the the professional skills and mental level of students.These activities make the students more creative and informative than any other activity.So at all levels of education system the institutions should arrange regular field trips to make their students more efficient.

  • Advantages and Disadvantages of Multinationals

    Multinationals are the businesses or companies that operate in several countries. A multinational has more access to costumers and deal with the international market of goods and services. Multinationals have a wider scope of growth as it helps manage the exports and imports, they have more exports and lesser imports. The investment level, employment level, and income level of the country increases due to the operation of multinationals. The level of industrial and economic development increases due to the growth of multinational companies.
    However, establishing a multinational is very difficult, as it has to deal with international laws and politics. It is a very risky business because the company has to understand the needs and wants of people from different areas. As multinationals operate in different countries a large sums of money flow to foreign countries as payment towards profit which results in less efficiency for the host country.Transfer of capital also takes place from the home country to the foreign country which is unfavorable for the economy.

  • Joint Ventures and Franchises.

    Joint ventures and franchising is a widely spread form of businesses. A franchise is a business based on the use of brand names, promotional logos and trading methods of an existing successful business. In franchising, the franchisee buys the licence to operate the business from the franchisor; e.g: McDonalds. A franchise has many advantages and disadvantages. The franchise is bought to promote a brand name, which benefits the franchisor. The franchisor also benefits as the business expands rapidly, the management and labour is the responsibility of the franchisee and all products sold are to be obtained from the franchisor. It benefits the franchisee, as it has a certain brand image, which reduces the chances of business failure, the franchisor pays for advertising, all supplies are obtained from the franchisor, lesser management is required as important business decisions are taken by the franchiser and the banks are willing to give loans due to relatively less risk. It also has some disadvantages. Once a franchise is established, it represents a brand and mismanagement of an outlet may result in bad reputation of the brand. In a franchise, the franchisee keeps the profit which is a disadvantage for the franchisor. For a franchisee, it doesn’t have complete independence to run the business and also has to pay the licence fees, to the franchisor.
    A joint venture is a collaboration between two businesses/companies on a new project. In a joint venture, both companies equally share the profit and loss, and equally invest in the project. However, a joint venture may end up in disagreement of the venture partners over ways of running the business and decision making.

  • Experiments on animals

    Medical researchers,cosmetic companies and others often perform experiments on animals.Many people do feel that experimentation on animals is wrong and should be stopped immediately because animals do feel pain.In all over the world animal right activists are working hard to give awareness about the rights of animals and their behavior towards animals.In veterinary universities animals are used for experiments and in these experiments many of them lose their life and undergo severe pain.Animals are speechless,they cannot express their feelings.Animals are being killed at large scale to get their skin for making shoes,garments and ornaments.Many pharmaceutical firms conduct trials of new drugs on animals which is violation of animal rights.This killing and experiments should be stopped immediately.

  • Private Sector Businesses

    There are five different types of private sector businesses; sole traders, partnerships, private limited companies, public limited companies, co-operatives. Sole trader is a business owned by one private person. It is the most common business enterprise. Partnership is a group or association of at least two people who agree to own and run a business together. Private limited companies are small businesses and aren’t run on the stock market. However, public limited companies are huge businesses run on the stock market. Co-operatives are businesses run by all the partners, bearing the profit and loss.

  • AWA Essay

    Q. The following appeared as a part of an advertisement for Adams, who is seeking re-election as governor:
    “Re-elect Adams, and you will be voting for proven leadership in improving the state’s economy. Over the past year alone, 70 percent of the state’s workers have had increases in their wages, 5,000 new jobs have been created, and six corporations have located their headquarters here. Most of the respondents in a recent poll said that they believed that the economy is likely to continue to improve if Adams is re-elected. Adams’s opponent, Zebulon, would lead our state in the wrong direction, because Zebulon disagrees with many of Adam’s economic policies.”
    Discuss how well reasoned the above argument is.

    You will have to consider the assumptions that underlie the writer’s thinking. Describe alternative explanations or counterexamples that might weaken his or her conclusion. You must come up with evidence that would strengthen or refute the argument or identify what changes would make the argument more logically sound.

    ANSWER:
    The argument states that re-electing Adams as governor will improve the state’s economy. Over the past year, 70 percent of the state’s workers have had increases in their salaries, 5,000 new jobs have been created as well as six corporations have located their headquarters here. Moreover, respondents in in a recent poll stated that they believed the economy will continue to improve if Adams is re-elected. His opponent, Zebulon, disagrees with many of Adams economic policies as well as many residents feel that he would lead the state in the wrong direction.
    Firstly, I agree with this argument in general. Re-electing Adams would be a better option since he has improved the state’s economy substantially. The wages of the state’s workers have increased as a result they are living a better standard of life and are able to fulfill the daily expenses and needs of their families. The job market has improved immensely as new jobs are being offered and greater numbers of opportunities are available for the people. More people are employed and satisfied with their jobs. Those who were seeking for jobs are working and are no longer unemployed. Six corporations have located their headquarters in the state which means that they are keen in serving the residents of the state. They want to pursue their businesses in the state as well as feel that investing in the state would make their businesses profitable in the near future. All these factors have caused the state’s economy to be strong. Moreover, in a recent poll, respondents felt that the economy will continue to improve if Adams is re-elected as governor. This shows that respondents prefer Adams as governor of the state than any other political candidate.
    Secondly, Adams’s opponent, Zebulon disagrees with many of his economic policies and the citizens of the state believe that he will lead the state in the wrong direction if he is re-elected as governor. The residents have the right to vote to for the person who they feel would be able to serve their state as governor as well as would improve the state’s economic, political, social, international and local matters. Zebulon is not preferred by the residents of the state since he disagrees with Adams economic policies.
    In conclusion, if Adams is re-elected as governor of the state, the economy will be much better and many things of the state will improve. More people would be employed, salaries of workers would increase, and the job market would improve. In addition, more business will invest in the state as a result the state would be more prosperous in the near future.

  • To what extent is the nuclear family still the most dominant type of family, in the modern industrial families?

    The nuclear family system is a widely spread form of family, as it consists of two hetro-sexual partners and their biological. In many societies it is commonly experienced, yet other family types are growing in the society as well. Most sociological perspectives consider it as the best type such as Functionalism and The New Right. However, during the years 1961 and 1998, the percentage of nuclear households has fallen from 38% to 23%.
    Sociologists argue that the nuclear nuclear family is the most child- centered family type as compared to a single- parent household, a homo-sexual household or extended family household. They say that in a nuclear family household, a child finds the perfect scenario for physical and psychological growth. For example, in an extended family household, a child would be raised in different ways by people of different ages. People of more age would raise the children according to the customs of their age, which might be outdated for child development in the present age. Sociologists also argue that as compared to the extended family type, the nuclear one adapts to the economic and political realities quicker and in a better manner, as it comprises of people with like mindedness. In the extended family type, people of different ideologies and lifestyles, live together.
    A nuclear family is supposed as the best family type as it has a mother(female) and father(male) which play certain gender roles, which are integrated, which allow the children to grow up normally, and the integration of tasks sets a good example.
    However, it may not always be a perfect way to manage a household. Children in such households also miss out on individual attention, as they might be living robotic lives in order to fulfill the needs of their children. Children might also feel ignored when the couple may spend time with one another. A few sociologists also argue that, children in such a household are raised in a isolated environment, and they may fail to adapt to other households, or survive in the society on later stages. Like-mindedness, which is an advantage may also serve as a disadvantage. Like-mindedness and stability of such a family type, would not let people of this family type deal with conflict. However, people in extended families have different ideas live together, hence conflict. So, people in extended families deal with conflict in a better way.
    Even after acceptance and adaptation of other family types, the nuclear family type is still the most preferred family type. This type is not a guaranteed household of success and happiness but it is most likely to obtain such ideas.

  • Increased Competition and it’s impact.

    With continuous growth of private business sector, competition in business is increasing rapidly as well. Businesses aim to have increasing profits, market share, and sales volume by varying the elements of the marketing mix: price, product, distribution, and promotion Competition results from scarcity and when many companies strive to reach the what consumers want. Competition impacts the price a company charges charge as it is limited by the extent of the competition. The range of services and the nature of the product is also influenced.

  • Elderly drivers require new testing

    According to some people,elderly drivers should be required to reapply for their driver licences because with age comes diminished vision,hearing and reaction time.Driving is a job in which every single part of body is involved.Your mind should focus on road and your reflexes shuld be strong enough to react any unexpected objects on the track.Hearing and vision play a vital role while driving.Elderly people are not good drivers because they lack sharp vision and good hearing moreover they don’t have strong reflexes.They not only put their life in danger but they also risk the lfe of other persons on the road.therefore I reckon that they should be reassessed by the local traffic authorities.

  • E-Commerce: Benefits and Drawbacks.

    E-Commerce is a digital market where goods and services are sold. It has many benefits and drawbacks too. It is an easier and convenient way, and people use it to save time and energy. People can also compare prices, instantly, and can invest in the better and economic product. It is beneficial for both supplier and consumer as it has instant payment techniques. However, people don’t trust online shopping or e-commerce as they don’t want to invest into a completely unknown company. People can also not feel the products and test quality and gave to trust the claims made by the companies themselves. As a whole, in the modern age, e-commerce is a convenient source of shopping.

  • Tv violence effect on society

    yes I agree that TV violence has a negetive effect on society because it promotes violence.TV impacts on minds are so strong that if a person spend one hour in front of TV he will think in the same way as media guide him,his thoughts are hijacked by the media,if media on air violence actions taking place in the world the individual would be agressive in his daily life,therefore the media transmissions are sensored in developed countries to eradicate voilence from their societies.In this way media plays a positive role in nation building in these countries.

  • Interest Rate

    Interest rate is the cost of borrowing. Interest rate usually set on loans by banks. Interest rate is determined the rate of demand and supply, rate of inflation and decisions of the government.If there is an increase in the demand for credit, the interest rates will increase, while a decrease in the demand for credit will decrease interest rate. An increase in the supply of credit will reduce interest rates while a decrease in the supply of credit will increase the rate. Inflation is a major component effecting the interest rate, the higher the inflation the higher the interest rate due to the increase in demand of credit by lenders/ the bank. At the end, the government is the one deciding the increase or decrease in the interest rate, as it handles the monetary policies.

  • Private and Public Sectors of a Business

    A business is divided in two sectors, private sector and public sector. Private sector is the ones that is owned and run by private people and government doesn’t interfere in it. Organisations in this sector are profit intensive. Public sector is the one run and owned by the government. Organisations working under the public sector are consumer intensive as they are set up to provide public services and are a part of economic development of a country.

  • Stakeholders in a Business

    Stakeholders are the individuals that are affected by business activity and are interested in it. A business has internal and external stakeholders. Internal stakeholders are the people or groups who work directly in a business, e.g employees, owners and investors etc. External stakeholders are the individuals or groups that are not a direct part of the business but are somehow affected by it. Example of external stakeholders are suppliers, society, government, shareholders, creditors and costumers.

  • Objectives of a Business and their importance.

    Business objectives are the set aims and goals of a business. A business is always set up in order to gain profit. If a business is successful in gaining profit, it is considered a successful one. Productivity is also a major objective of a business, which includes employee training, equipment maintenance and new equipment purchases. Once established, growth, marketing, brand establishment, costumer loyalty and core values are the other significant feature of a business.

  • Features Of a Capitalist Economy

    A capitalist economy can be defined as one in which the economy is in hands of private individuals or corporations. This system is based on self-interest and profit motifs. In a capitalist economy people have the access to private ownership of property, which include machines, implements, mines and factories as well. The government doesn’t decide the price of goods and service, but the price mechanism is handled by private people by the interaction of demand and supply. Production under this system is consumer oriented, and anyone has the authority to set up a private enterprise. The capitalist economy is considered the most democratic system of economy, as it pushes people to be self efficient to gain more profit.

  • The Break-even Chart

    A break-even chart is a line graph used in break-even analysis to estimate when the total sales revenue will be equal to the total costs, or the point where loss will end and profit will begin to accumulate. Usually, the number of units are plotted on horizontal ‘X’ axis and total sales dollars on vertical ‘Y’ axis. The point where the two lines or curves intersect is called the break-even-point. The break-even chart is also called the break-even graph

  • The 4P’s of Marketing

    The marketing mix is a business tool used in marketing and by marketers. The marketing mix is often crucial when determining a product or brand’s offer, and is often associated with the four Ps:

    ▪️ Price: What the price of the product should be.
    ▪️ Product: A product that satisfies the wants and needs of the consumers.
    ▪️ Place: Where the product or service should be sold.
    ▪️ Promotion: Ways to let consumers know that that product or service exists and can be bought.

  • Equilibrium Price, Equilibrium in the Market

    The equilibrium price is where the supply of goods matches demand or the price at which the quantity of a product offered is equal to the quantity of the product in demand. Equilibrium is the state in which market supply and demand balance each other and, as a result, prices become stable. Generally, when there is too much supply for goods or services, the price goes down, which results in higher demand. The balancing effect of supply and demand results in a state of equilibrium.

  • Methods of measuring a business

    Following are the methods of measuring a business:

    ▪️ Amount of sales turnover
    ▪️ Amount of profit
    ▪️ Capital employed
    ▪️ Stock market valuation
    ▪️ Number of employees
    ▪️ Number of shops/offices

    These methods however are not always completely accurate as a small business for niche’ products can sell products at absurdly high prices but not a lot in number. That does not make it a large business regardless of the profit it makes.

  • E-Commerce

    E-commerce (electronic commerce) is the buying and selling of goods and services, or the transmitting of funds or data, over an electronic network, primarily the Internet. These business transactions occur either business-to-business, business-to-consumer, consumer-to-consumer or consumer-to-business. E-commerce allows consumers to electronically exchange goods and services with no barriers of time or distance. Electronic commerce has expanded rapidly over the past five years and is predicted to continue at this rate, or even accelerate. In the near future the boundaries between \”conventional\” and \”electronic\” commerce will become increasingly blurred as more and more businesses move sections of their operations onto the Internet.

  • Entrepreneurs

    Entrepreneurs occupy a central position in a market economy. Entrepreneurs seek disequilibrium, a gap between the wants and needs of customers and the products and services that are currently available. The entrepreneur then brings together the factors of production necessary to produce, offer and sell desired products and services. They invest and risk their money to produce a product or service that can be sold at a profit. Entrepreneurs are future oriented; they believe that success is possible and are willing to risk their resources in the pursuit of profit. They’re fast moving, willing to try many different strategies to achieve their goals of profits. And they’re flexible, willing to change quickly when they get new information. Entrepreneurs are skilled at selling against the competition by creating perceptions of difference and uniqueness in their products and services.

  • Joint Ventures

    A business arrangement in which two or more parties agree to pool their resources for the purpose of accomplishing a specific task. This task can be a new project or any other business activity. In a joint venture each of the participants is responsible for the profits, losses and the costs associated with it. However, the venture is its own entity, separate and apart from the participants’ other business interests.

  • Franchise Businesses

    A franchise is a business system in which private entrepreneurs purchase the rights to open and run a location of a larger company. The franchising company, or franchiser, signs a contractual agreement with the franchisee, explaining in detail the company’s rules for operating the franchise. Franchises are a very popular method for people to start a business, especially for those who wish to operate in a highly competitive industry like the fast-food industry. One of the biggest advantages of purchasing a franchise is that you have access to an established company’s brand name; meaning that you do not need to spend further resources to get your name and product out to customers.

  • Limited Companies

    A limited company is an organisation that someone can set up to run their business, it’s responsible in its own right for everything it does and its finances are separate to the owners’ personal finances. Any profit it makes is owned by the company, after it pays Corporation Tax. The company can then share its profits. Every limited company has ‘members’ the people or organisations who own shares in the company. Directors are responsible for running the company. Most limited companies are ‘limited by shares’. This means that the shareholders’ responsibilities for the company’s financial liabilities are limited to the value of shares that they own but haven’t paid for. Company directors aren’t personally responsible for debts the business can’t pay if it goes wrong, as long as they haven’t broken the law.
    There are two types of companies, Private Limited ones and Public Limited ones. In Private Limited companies directors or shareholders financially back the organisation up to a specific amount if things go wrong while in Public Limited companies, the company’s shares are traded publicly on a market.

  • Business Partnerships

    A partnership is a single business where two or more people share ownership. Each partner contributes to all aspects of the business, including money, property, labor or skill. In return, each partner shares in the profits and losses of the business. Because partnerships entail more than one person in the decision-making process, it’s important to discuss a wide variety of issues up front and develop a legal partnership agreement. This agreement should document how future business decisions will be made, including how the partners will divide profits, resolve disputes, change ownership (bring in new partners or buy out current partners) and how to dissolve the partnership. Although partnership agreements are not legally required, they are strongly recommended and it is considered extremely risky to operate without one.

  • Sole Trader

    A sole trader is the simplest form of business structure and is relatively easy and inexpensive to set up. A sole trader is legally responsible for all aspects of the business. They make all the decisions about starting and running your business. The sole trader is also effected by any profit or loss the company makes. Being a sole trader is risky because of unlimited liability, which means that a sole trader’s personal assets can be taken away if they are late on payments and/or things go wrong. But it is relatively easy to change business structure if the trader’s business grows or if they wish to wind things up.

  • Nuclear Family Units and why they are dominant.

    The nuclear family has been described to be a family in which there are two parents in a heterosexual relationship with their biological children. Some sociological perspectives view the nuclear family as the dominant type of family unit, even with numerous other family unit types growing and emerging.
    One of the biggest reason for nuclear family units still being the dominant type of family unit is economic. The ordinary nuclear family can easily adapt to the changing economic and political realities. They are flexible and mobile because they have other family members who they can trust and divide work with, making it easier for them to survive in this harsh world. Two parent families tend to be more stable than a single parent or multi-generational family. Spouses or partners can role model a loving, caring and supportive relationship for their children. This will translate into future success by teaching children how to seek out positive relationships and interact well with others. Children benefit from watching partners work together to solve problems, delegate responsibilities and support one another through all the best and worst of times.
    Even with all of the positivities that make them popular, nuclear families have their own problems, like breaking up from the extended members of the family. Grandparents, aunts, uncles etc can be very helpful in times of need and should have a place in the family, but sadly the nuclear family unit doesn’t always leave or create one for them. While the idea of less conflict and stress should certainly be considered an advantage of the nuclear family unit, it also puts that type of family unit at a disadvantage. Conflict is a part of life, and conflict resolution skills are beneficial in an individuals’ social life. Nuclear families can begin to develop like minded thinking, which usually leads to fewer arguments and disagreements between the family members. This prevents individuals from learning to argue and build up the skills to negate something they don’t agree with outside of the family unit. This can very negatively effect someone’s social life.
    Even with all of its pros and cons, the nuclear family unit is still the preferred way of many to raise a family and/or children. With many other family unit types on the rise like single parent families, divorced and multi-generational households, the dominance of the nuclear family might be at stake.

  • Problems with Business Growth.

    Majorly, the purpose of a business is to gain profit, hence expansion is inevitable. However, while expanding a business might face many problems. Usually, businesses try to expand as quickly as possible, and face diseconomies of Scale, which are the factors which cause a large firm to produce at increased average. When a business is way too big it may be difficult to manage. However, in order to manage a large business, should use specialization. Specialization is a process when people are assigned with tasks they are good at, and work is divided into different units.
    Most large businesses lead to poor communication, causing trouble in decision making. In order to improve it businesses use expensive latest IT equipment telecommunications, which increase the total cost of the business, and can make the company/firm may end up bankrupt.
    Mismanagement is a very common yet the most important factor of integration. Integration with other business may create problems due to different ways of management experienced by each business.

  • Ways to Grow a Business

    The growth of a business is either internal or external. Internal growth occurs when a business expands its existing operations, however external growth is when a business takes over or merges with another business. An example of internal growth would of a fast food restaurant, which would expand itself by opening another branch in another part of the city or country. External growth is divided in three different ways of expansion; horizontal integration, vertical integration( forward and backward) and conglomerate integration.
    Horizontal integration is when one firm merges with or takes over another firm in the same industry at the same level of production, e.g when a textile mill takes over or merges with another textile mill. This type of integration is beneficial to the firm because it creates more opportunities for economies of scale. It also reduces competition, and it has a bigger share of the total market.
    Vertical integration is when one firm merges or takes over another firm of the same industry but at a different stage of production. This type of integration is divided into forward vertical integration and backward vertical integration. Forward vertical integration is when a firm merges or takes over a firm in the same industry which is at a later stage of the production i.e closer to the consumer. Forward vertical integration benefits a business as it assures an outlet for the product. Also, the profit margin of the retailer increases. Backward vertical integration is when a firm merges or takes over a firm in the same industry which is at an earlier stage of production i.e closer to primary production. This merger or take over assures the supply of raw materials or important components. It also increases the profit margin of the supplier. It may also prevent the supplier from supplying other manufacturers. It can also control the cost of supplies for the manufacturer.
    Another way of integration or growth is, conglomerate integration. It is when one firm takes over or merges with a completely different industry. It is also known as diversification. This is a very expensive form of expansion, as it has more activities. However, there might be a transfer of ideas between the two industries in some certain fields, allowing more room for vast ideas.