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Medicine is defined by two different meanings. One is simply the science of healing practice and treatment of health, other is more connected to substance, medication and drug. Diagnosis is argued to be the main meaning. The increased field in the science of medicine is growing. Clinical practice, healthcare science, biomedical research, medications, surgery, and medical devices are just a few to name.
Living in the modern world living being are still dependent closely to medicine. Earliest recorded goes back to Greek and Roman medicine and Egyptian. The traditional medicine were purely natural based for illnesses. Mainly from plants and animals. Most of the hospitals were established in the 19th centuries. The first chemical found was mustard gas for reducing white blood cells. Followed by insulin for treating diabetics to later invention of antibiotics. Polio was licensed and was given to children since 1990.
To no surprise laser established for eye disorders. Mental illness was the biggest achievement to be cured by Prozac. Cancer decreased medicine was advanced. FDA invention for targeting human genome was in the 20th century.
Most difficult surgeries are counted to be on heart and the brain. Due to the lack of medicine in the history most lives were resulted in death. Throughout the years as medicine advanced life expectancy has increased to almost double the rate

History simply is the study of records of the past events. The records could be in form of books, letters, newspapers or artifacts for example poetry. History narrates the changes, the falls and the rises of a nation. W.C. Sellar and R. J. Yeatman defined history as “not what you thought. It’s what you remember. All other history defeats itself. People who narrates history are called historians.
The very first short story was written in 1942 by Isaac Asimov. The dialogue of history creates a connection between present and the past. For some history is not interesting to as it gives no wonder, description of good kings and no trace of women (Jane Austen Catherine Moreland 1903) .
It is a passage of time with facts that can’t be denied by. Such are eclipses of sun and the moon which are remarkable. These knowledges are essential to current and future societies. History is used as a tool for debates to express ones political views and commitment. It is even fashionable for historians to use history as a source for other works of art. For example movies, paintings or even music.
History is sequences of time period usually in timelines to help us have a clearer idea of certain events. History can be said as storehouse whet we can find examples for future guidance. With the mordnism history and research has been developed to a new form of sources such as television and radio records. It is an emerge to inevitably accuracy. Though they are not the only source of recording, Australian Aboriginals has kept their history by word of mouth and music for over 40,000 years. We are more grounded through history, it takes us to our roots and cultural identity m. A more grips of our authentic individual or the community. It’s infinite and continues documentation, through it find answers to why certain things are valued and understand the nature of changes. It is foundation to activism. We get a firm insight into tackling some political issues with reasons to the consequences it results in. Also comes with empathy for cultures. Media’s create ideas as facts whereas, history shows provides power to question false claims with evidence.
To also remind us of people without identity or understanding of their root they can be danger to themselves and the wide community. In whatever form you do you will learn about history in one or other.
Therefore, to conclude history is made by everyone and learnt by everyone.

The term sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. Sociology as a subject is very vast, which cover the issues of crime to religion, from the family to the state, from the divisions of race and social class to the shared beliefs of a common culture, and from social stability to big radical changes in the societies. The study of all these aspects in sociology is to get the closer and better idea of human actions and consciousness are shaped by surroundings cultures and social cultures.
Sociology is a very exciting field of study that covers and analyzes important matters in our personal life, in local community, and in the world. At the very basic level, sociology investigates the social issues and consequences of such things as romantic love, racial and gender identity, family conflict, deviant behavior, aging, and religious faith. At the society level, sociology examines and explains the social matters like crime and law, poverty and wealth, schools and education, business firms, urban community, and social movements. At the stage of global level, sociology covers the issues like population growth and migration, war and peace, and economic development.
Sociologists mostly focus on the careful collection of information about social life to develop understand the key of social processes. The sociologist used a number of different steps for the research. The mostly observe the life of groups, conduct large-scale surveys and conduct laboratory experiments. The research methods and theories of sociology yield powerful insights into the social processes shaping human lives and social problems and prospects in the contemporary world. By better understanding those social processes, we also come to understand more clearly the forces shaping the personal experiences and outcomes of our own lives. The ability to see and understand this connection between broad social forces and personal experiences the sociological imagination is extremely valuable academic preparation for living effective and rewarding personal and professional lives in a changing and complex society..
Sociology offers a distinctive and enlightening way of seeing and understanding the social world in which we live and which shapes our lives. Sociology looks beyond normal, taken-for-granted views of reality, to provide deeper, more illuminating and challenging understandings of social life. Through its particular analytical perspective, social theories, and research methods, sociology is a discipline that expands our awareness and analysis of the human social relationships, cultures, and institutions that profoundly shape both our lives and human history.
Because sociology addresses the most challenging issues of our time, it is a rapidly expanding field whose potential is increasingly tapped by those who craft policies and create programs

Chemistry is the study of matters, its properties , how and why small substances combine or separate to form other substances, and the interaction of these substances with energy.
Many people think the chemist wearing a white coat spend half of their life in labortries during mixing chemicals. But the fact is we all are chemist upto some extent as chemistry is the part of all the things related to our lives.
every material is made up of matter; even our bodies too. Chemistry is involved in everything we do like cooking andgrowing the food cleaning our home .chemistry is that part of science which help us in understanding the world.
chemistry has many branches, a few of those are listed down here:
1.analytical chemistry:
this portion of chemistry uses quantative and qualitative facts and figurs to identify and measure the chemiacal and physical characteristics of any substance.
2.Physical chemistry:
this portion of chemistry joined both physics and chemistry together .thermodynamics is the important and main example of physical chemistry.
3.Organic chemistry:
This branch of chemistry mostly rotate around the study of different compounds that contain the element named “Carbon”. carbon has many characteristics that help it in forming complex molecular structure and bonds.it is also known by the name of “chemistry of life” because in human body the living tissues we have are all have carbon.
4.inorganic chemistry:
the inorganic chemistry studies the materials that don’t know have carbon in them during their making process.
5. biochemistry :
this branc of chemistry deals with process that happens in the living organisms.
chemists have worked on many products of our daily life that we use as food to improve our health. Food science deals with different biological components of food. It helps in maintaining the qulatity of food,safety,storage and the taste.it also help Govt. departments to help them in food and Drug investigation department or Quality control department to measure the standard of the product.
Another important branch of chemistry is environmental chemistry that illustrate how chemicals reacts with the natural environment. Environmental chemistry is related to more than one branches of chemistry .they have to check the chemicals first then the chemical process going on to make sure the things are according to standard like soil testing , water and air testing etc. Agrilcultural biotechnology is a fast growing field of chemistry that helps in growing crops.
Chemical Engineering :
Chemical engineers develop new things and processes that involve chemical reactions in the manufacturing process.

Music has become a essential part of our life. We all listen to music according to our interest like some want to listen it when they wake up in the morning, Some like to listen it while in transit, at work, and in the company of our friends. For most people, music is like a constant companion. It is a source of joy, and motivates us, give us company in difficult times, and help us in reducing our worries, and forget our sorrows.
The music consist of many different parts including melody, harmony, and rhythm. Melody is the “singable” flow of sound. It is the “main voice” that stands out from everything else. Harmony is the overlapping base that serves as a base to the melody while Rhythm is the beat of time through the music, the rhythm leads us at a certain pace through the song.
Music has become much more than an entertainment for us . It has been a part of the culture of almost every human being; scientists have yet to find a single culture throughout the history of culture of human beings who don’t have music as a part of their culture. In fact, a lot of psychologist has agreed on this that music is a predated language. The primitive tribes and religious practices have used music for thousands of years, and used music to heal different psychological and physical ailments. In the recent years the research has shown the effects of music has on the human brain, the individual, and society.
Music has not only takes us on intellectual, social, and emotional levels, but many people explain it as spiritual or mystical. The use of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic devices in music can induce a psychological state in both the musicians and the listener that there are no words that can describe the condition. Music has help us in bringing back to ourselves, it act as a mirror, and show us a side we may have completely forgotten. Even though we constantly listening music in our daily lives, we had rarely think on this topic that , what music is actually and why it is so important for us.
Fundamentally, music is a combination of sounds, and sound actually produce by the vibration. One of the most accurate definitions of music comes from the Italian composer Busoni, who said that, “Music is a sonorous air.” Every nation has its own taste of music. In subcontinent music has seen many golden eras. Sub continent was very famous for classical music , it was also called the hub of classic music where many great musician born and led the base of classical music. Sham chaurasi gharana is one of the main family who take the classical music on its peak.
There are different types of music including classical , Jazz, hip hop, folk and many more.

In order to understand what a Government is actually, one have to start with its definition.
Government is a group of people who have the rights to run a state. In other words the selected people by the community of any state with the help of election that’s runs their state and maintain the issues if the state is called Government.
The structure of the government which operates a state consisting of the Prime Minster, and his cabinet. The cabinet of the PM includes the decision making body for the governmental and administrative matters containing the ministers etc. Then the Government made a parliament which made a cabinet, the cabinet shapes the direction of government.
Minister:
the Government contains Ministers. Minister is the one who selected or appointed as a head of government department by the PM of the state. There are two types of the minister in a state , the one is national minister and the other is provincial minister. The national minister are answerable to the PM of a state while the provincial ministers are answerable to the CM of the states.
There are various types of the ministers in a state includes a list of followings :
Prime Minister
Chief Minister
Agriculture Minister
Finance Minister
International Development Minister
Foreign Minister
Interior Minister
Defense Minister
Education Minister
and many more ministers depends upon the PM and the state’s law. Some time the a single minister holds more than a ministries.
A permanent secretary is the most senior official in a ministry. The permanent secretary directs and monitors the operation of the ministry. A state secretary is also appointed sometimes to the PM’s office and his/her work is linked to the PM. The area for which each ministry is responsible is specified by the government rules of procedure.

Prime Minister:
The Prime Minister is head of the government. He is the only one who is ultimately responsible for all policy and decisions. He oversee the operation of the civil services and government agencies, appoint members of the government and is the principal government figure in the house of Parliament.
Parliament:
the parliament of a state consist of the members who have been elected through election by local community, which contains the members of both the rural, and opposition party, and from the other parties too ; whose members have successfully won the elections.
The Parliament of a country has two types including national assembly and the provincial assembly.
The members of the national assembly include those who have successfully won the national assembly election while the provincial assembly includes the members who have won the election of provincial assembly. There are many sessions of the parliament in a month and various issues are discussed on the floor of parliaments.
The Cabinet:
The cabinet is made up of the senior members of government. Every week during Parliament , members of the cabinet who are secretaries of state from all departments and some other ministers meet to discuss the most issues for the government to make solve these issues and report to the Pm of the state.

The dictionary definition of physics is “the study of matter energy and the interaction between them”. It is a natural science based on experiments measurements and mathematical analysis with the purpose of find laws for everything around the world.
Physics has a very long history, mostly people think ancient Greeks were the people who led the base of physics. Plato and Aristotle are one of from them who’ve a great contribution in physics.
In general it is very hard to explain what physics is. Physics is continuously changing as it is making progress and discovering new things as the times goes on.These new discoveries not only bring the new concepts and inventions but it is also creating a lot of new questions that might not have been think yet. All these things make physics make interesting and that the only reason people love physics more than any other field of science.
Mostly physicists spend their time in doing the following things :
explaining the most important measuring quantities in the universe like velocity , electricity, kinectic energy and the list goes on.( The struggle of finding the most fundamental description of the universe is the biggest aim of many physicists). All these concepts are covering one of the majore parts of the physics too.
Physics also cover the relationship between fundamental measured quantities and their work. Many great scientists work on this concept and contributed a lot in this field . Newton is also from one of those scientists who worked on this concept , his work is considered as a major pillar for physics, Newton worked on laws of motion ( his famous three laws of motion made a new base of physics). Another famous scientist, Einstein is also one of the famous scientist who played a vital role in physics. Einstein was a German scientist , his law of relativity are major pillars of modern physics.
Physics doesn’t just deal with theoretical concepts. It is already applied in every aspect of human activity, including:
Development of sustainable forms of energy production in various industries.
it is using in different hospitals during treatment like : cancer treatment, in radiotherapy, and in diagnosing illness through various types of Xray etc, these all are total based on physics.
Developing computer games
Design and manufacture of sports equipment
Understanding and predicting earthquakes
Infact, almost every sector have physics in them and giving us mind blowing results and helping us in doing many difficult task so easily.
Now a days, Physicists are increasingly using advanced computers and programming languages in the solution of scientific problems, specially for the complex process. The degree courses in physics now involve at least some computer programming.
I wonder what if the physics has not invented , our lives would be so hard to survive , it all because of physics that we can understand the nature.

What is arts? It may seem like an easy question that anyone could answer by few words. The answer could include that it’s humans skills to portrait what they see or imagined down to paper for visualisation, relaxation, decoration or even storage the history for future generations.

As a verb art is, way of expressing our thoughts, beliefs and desires. It is something what we do to share our experiences for extending our personality in a deeper level. Art is used as a tool or vehicle to send more and visible information for ease of communication. There’s no universal definition of art. It can vary from its audience viewing it, depending on personal experience. It is referred as international communications regardless of ones background, understanding or use.

Art can be direct, subtle, intelligible or completely complex and obscure. It purely depends on the media carried by the sender or artist. Art has been related to beauty and love. It has been said that the only difference is that it depends on its producer whereas, beauty and love depends on the audience.

Art can be made of beauty though beauty alone is not art. Beautiful can be sceneries captured by paintings/photographs, or musical performances recreating the imagination. Beauty has certain criteria. Art on the other hand can get evocative, hurtful, unpleasant to awaken your emotional perceptions about your surroundings.

Art ages as far as civilisation 50,000 years ago. With no surprises the form is still used and related. To some art can only be found hanged in galleries. Whereas, look deeper into their own personality as who they are and what a piece of art do communicate to them?art consists of meaning which is made by both creater and participants. Is an ongoing multifarious and fully known.

It an obvious recognition that ‘art’ in the content of a word has changed its meanings throughout the history. It was understood as craft, excelled through practice. Was known as painting, sculpting or symbolising the era. The emerge of Romanticism art meant originality of new and never heard. Modernism re-evaluate and questioned what art can and cannot. It has become a way of solving that was over looked. Cubism, futurism and abstract expressionism came to live.
When a work opens you to debate it can succeed as a piece of art.

Art is a reflection of society with mirroring politics and morality. Artists try to work behind the scenes and use the unwritten rules such as Andy Warhol. In the end our culture our history and beliefs will always be inclusive to what is. Art is celebrating diversity of human being with imaginations that are unimaginable to be achieved. Art has infinite challenges to shake tensions between appropriateness and understanding. Boundaries are pushed to show pleasure in meaningful portion for value and respect. Art is not art when there is no perspectives. The unique perspectives are revealed by great artists with great subjects. We create art, art creates future.

Economics
Economics is the branch of knowledge concerned with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth. It is essentially a study of the usage of the resources under specific conditions , without thinking of its negative result and with a hope of positivity which seeks to improve the overall well-being.
Economics have two main branches
1.Microeconomics
2.Macroeconomics
Microeconomics is the branch of economics which deals with the entities and the interaction between those entities, while on the other hand macroeconomics includes the dealing with the entire economy as a whole. The base of economics depends on the rule of demand and supply. It is perhaps one of the most fundamental rule and provide a fundamental framework to assess the action of an economy.
Definition of Demand: Demand is the quantity of a good or a service the buyers are willing to purchase at a particular price.

Definition of Supply: Supply means the quantity of a good or services the sellers are willing ro deliver at a particular price. Meanwhile price is a result of the constant tug of war between the demand and supply. All other random things should be kept constant for a good brand or quality because higher the price of product lower will be the demand of the product from the customers.
higher the prices, higher will be the supply from the manufactures. This whole formal is called the law of supply.

Time also play a very important role in this rule of economics, more so in the case of entities in a competition to serve the consumers, if the stock is finished it is not a good sign for the consumer/supplier as it is going to affect the brand badly and the customers can move somewhere else.
if there is excess of demand, the producers have to gauge the nature of demand first to react in as such a way that the they can retain the customers.
The stable state of equilibrium in an economy system makes the economy efficient, in such a state the producers moves with their product and the customers gets whatever they want.
The study of economics have mostly two aspects, it can be either a rewarding or intimidating, but knowledge of basic economics is essential not only for the sake of study but for anyone who interacts with the markets.

Economic systems is the most famous branch of economics that explains the methods and steps with help of that society determines the economic resources. An economic system of a society is the unit of analysis. Economics is that field of study without which no one can make progress in their require field, it plays a main role in the success of any organization.

zoology is the branch of biology which studies the classification of animals and animal kingdom. Zoology includes the study of structure, classification and habits of the animals and distribution of the animals. It includes both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems. The term is derived from ancient Greek.
The concept of Zoology was raised as single factor but after the continuous work on this idea by many scientists the zoological sciences emerges from natural history to the work of great scientists that contributed a lot in the field of zoology named Aristotle and Galen. After the contribution of these two Famous scientists this ancient work was further developed by none other than Muslim scientists and scholars. After the 18th and 19th century the zoology become a very important research topic for the scientist. Zoologists while working on this , investigated the relationship between organisms and their environment, the way it depends on geography. This led the base of biogeography and ecology and ethology.
Zoology have a lot of components, just like every other field of science zoology also have many branches include:
Vertebrate zoology
invertebrate zoology
Vertebrate zoology
vertebrate means having a backbone. Mostly this includes animals like fish, birds, reptiles and mammals. These animals are divided into categories like one those who have spinal cord and one those have a distinct differentiated head. These type of animals mostly possess two pairs of limbs and an outer covering which consist of fur, skin and feathers.
Invertebrate Zoology
the word invertebrate means lacking a spinal column. Animals in this type of category include species.
Invertebrates make 90% of the earthy animals. They size vary , ranging from a very small to the larger one as well. These types of animals have very soft bodies and external skeletons as well.
Another field of Zoology is Zoogeography, it is a special field of zoology that studies the geographical distribution of animals and is closely linked with research on the evolution of animal species.The key purpose of zoology is to identify all the animals through there type of classification, their classiication is based upon the accomplishments by comparing the characters and their features, of group of animals. These type of characteristics are different in nature.
Darwin theory:
Darwin was the one who did a great work in the field of zoology . his work led a great revolution in the field of zoology by giving the theory of evolution, he introduce a new approach of thinking towards it. This theory includes the process by which organisms changes over time in their physical or behavioral traits. These changes that allow an organism to better adapt the environment will help the spice to survive.
This field help us a lot in understanding the behavior of animals,and about their life. Without this field it was impossible to know all this.

Biology:
Biology is the field of study that involves the natural science and study of the lifeof different living organisms, including their physical structures, Chemical composition, function development and evolution. The term biology was first derived by the Greek. It cover the the cellular basis for the living things, the energy metabolism of the activities of life and the genetic basis for inheritance in organisms. Biology also covers the relationship between organisms and the diversity of the life on earth. It considers the biology of microorganisms, plants and animals. It brings the structural and functional relationship that covers the day to day activities. Actually biology is based on the science of the chemistry and physics, it applies the lawof these two disciplines to living things.
Modern biology is a very vast field of science which composed of many branches. The origins of the modern biology and its study of natures links it to the history of ancient Greeks. Other than the broad scope and the complexity of the science, there are mnay facts that makes it a strong field. Biology recognizes the cell as basic unit of life, genes as the basic unit of heredity aand evolution as the engine that makes the creation of new species.there are many theories in modern biology that are playing a very important part in biology and playing a role of pillars for the biology. The list of a few theories are as following
1.The Cell Theory
2.the theory of Evolution by natural sciences
3.Gene theory
4.Homeostasis

There are many types of biological plants, one of them is practical biological plants that include plant breeding, wildlife management, medical science, and many others things. While the theoretical biology includes the disciplines as physical(the study of the function of living things), biochemistry (the study of the chemistry organisms),and many other fields.

Biology uses the cell as a basic unit of the life. Living organisms are used as open systems that survive by the transformation of energy and and by decreasing their local entropy to maintain a stable condition. Sub-disciplines of biology are defined the scale at which life is studied, the types of organisms studied and the methods used to study them.
One of the main achievement of biology is DNA, DNA sequences have played major roles in criminal cases and in identifying the facts about humans and other living organisms. Biology have a great impact of on human life , it has introduced new ways that has completed changed our life. Starting from medical side it has changed the treatment of a disease , give the doctors a new approach in curing the disease.

Inshort, our life has been useless if the biology does not exist.

Botany is about the scientific study of plants. ”Plants for the mostly people means a wide range of some things like bacteria to the largest living organism i.e. sequoia( a name of a tree ). According to this definition, plants includes: algae, fungi and many others like this. The scientist of now a days believe that these bacteria, algae, fungi are in their own kingdoms, but most generally the courses teaches in the field of botany and most departments at colleges/university, still teach about all these groups.
As the field is very broad, there are different types of plant biologist and everyone have their own thinking and they are working according to their own research and still many different opportunities area available. The scientist of botany are mostly interested in ecology (this branch of botany includes the study of interactions of plants with other organisms and the environment). While other scientist of botany search to find new spices and do the experiments to discover the method how a plant grow under different types of weather conditions. A few botany scientists study the structure of the environment they also work in the field focusing on the pattern of the whole plants and observe how plants convert simple chemical compounds into more complex chemicals. Mostly also that how can a genetic information in DNA controls the plant developmemt. Botany also covers the information about the processes that occur on a time scale ranging from fractions of a second.
In botany microscope is used to study the most detailed structure of individual cells. Many scientist of botany do experiments to determine individual cells that clear a lot of facts and things about the evolutionary time of plants. They may work in the field, observing on the pattern of the whole plant.
The results of botanical research help us a lot in increasing and improving the standard and supply of medicines, food, fibers, and many other things that we use in our daily life. The supporters of botany using botanical knowledge help us in managing parks, forecasts and many other public places. It is also using in Public health section to provide better treatment to the people for improving their health by environmental the professionals of protection department depends on their own level of understanding of the required plants science to help solve pollution problems.
Scientist using plant tissue culture can easily grow the entire plants from a single cell. This was a very interesting potential in biotechnology and plant pathology. Once an American scientist widespread tree in eastern forests. In this way scientist can produce many things by using the tissue of plants to help the society and served the humanity which is a great benefit of botany for the whole society. That is why botany hold a very important position in our society